Cash-like privacy and compliance with anti-money laundering regulations can coexist in a private stablecoin built on ZK-proof.Cash-like privacy and compliance with anti-money laundering regulations can coexist in a private stablecoin built on ZK-proof.

Private Stablecoin: Cash-like Privacy and Integrated AML Controls

2025/09/26 20:54
stablecoin privacy

Cash-like privacy and compliance with anti-money laundering regulations can coexist in a private fiat stablecoin built on zero-knowledge proofs. With MiCA in effect from March 12, 2025 and a new EU AML package still under discussion at the institutional level European Commission, 2025 has been confirmed as the year when this architecture can become both technically feasible and regulatory coherent.

MiCA is operational from March 12, 2025, and many technical provisions for digital assets are now subject to implementation guidelines by national authorities.

In the technical and regulatory review work conducted on proof-of-concept of private stablecoin (2023–2025), industry analysts and security teams found that the integration of ZKP requires pragmatic compromises between latency and usability, but can be made compliant with limit policies and escalation mechanisms. According to data collected during internal audits and testnets, the use of secure elements and verifiable credentials significantly reduces exposure to key thefts and facilitates controlled revocation processes.

Private fiat stablecoin: what it is and why now

The goal is to enable digital payments with “cash-like” privacy combined with automated anti-money laundering controls. The model combines Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP), verifiable credentials, and operational limits to balance user privacy with regulatory requirements.

This results in a private lane on an already regulated fiat stablecoin, alongside transparent accounts. In this context, the private lane preserves data and unlocks only upon exceeding predefined thresholds and in compliance with predetermined rules.

Private transaction in practice: the “Alice → Bob” example

Alice sends 50 euros to Bob privately. The wallets generate zk‑SNARK (ZKP) that attest to three essential elements: sufficient balance, valid credential, and compliance with operational limits. Validators verify the proofs and record on‑chain only the commitment and the nullifier, without revealing identities or amounts.

If a rule is violated, it triggers a move to further checks (enhanced KYC), keeping the controls proportionate to the risk.

ZKP: how they ensure privacy and compliance

Zero-Knowledge Proofs allow for demonstrating compliance with specific rules (balance, thresholds, turnover) without exposing sensitive data. That said, the network only observes that the constraints are met, without knowing “how much” or “who”.

Thus, transparency towards validators translates into systemic security, while user privacy remains intact within agreed parameters.

Definitions Box

  • Zero‑Knowledge Proof (ZKP): cryptographic proof that demonstrates a condition without revealing the underlying data.
  • zk‑SNARK: Compact and quickly verifiable ZKP, suitable for public blockchains.
  • Commitment: cryptographic commitment that “seals” a value without exposing it.
  • Nullifier: marker that prevents the double spending of the same funds without linking transactions.

Two-Lane Architecture: Transparent and Private

The user has a transparent account and can activate a private stablecoin account. The switch to the private lane occurs through the transfer of tokens from the public account to the private one.

Each person can open only one private account, linked to a verifiable credential issued by the issuer or authorized third parties. This limitation reduces the risk of money mule activities and allows regulatory traceability without exposing sensitive data.

Key Technical Components

  • zk‑SNARK to attest to the correctness of expenditures and ensure the non‑creation of money.
  • Commitment and nullifier to prevent double-spending without linking sender and recipient.
  • Account-based model (preferable to the UTXO model) to apply balance and turnover limits at the account level.
  • ID hardware‑bound and all‑or‑nothing transferability to limit triangulations and partial transfers of compromised wallets.

Limits and Turnover: Operational Application

Limits can be configured per transaction, balance, and monthly turnover. A ZKP can certify, for example, that the amount is less than 1,000 euros without revealing the exact figure or that the turnover of the last 30 days remains below a predetermined threshold.

If the transaction exceeds these limits, the wallet requires additional identification. In fact, this approach reconciles the proportionality of controls with the efficiency of low-friction daily payments.

AML/CFT with credentials and ZKP

Digital credentials (KYC/KYB) allow validators to verify the status of the subject without accessing personal data. ZKPs demonstrate that the ID is not revoked and that the sender does not appear on sanction lists.

The design supports the GAFI/FATF Travel Rule for amounts exceeding the specified thresholds, while maintaining minimal friction and effective data protection for micropayments.

The 5 Phases of a Private Transaction with ZKP

  1. Agreement between the parties on the amount and generation of a shared nonce (what is a nonce?).
  2. Composition of the transaction in wallets and creation of ZKP.
  3. Submission of proofs and public outputs to the network (mempool).
  4. Verification of block producer and on-chain inclusion.
  5. Update of the local status of wallets and confirmation of the outcome.

Verifiable Identity: Today and Tomorrow

At onboarding, credentials can be issued by the issuer or authorized partners. Integration with national IDs and eIDAS 2.0 (EU Digital Identity Wallet) is underway and, in the future, will enable a strong link between identity and the use of the private account, without exposing transactional data.

Comparison: alternatives and trade-offs

  • Privacy coin (e.g., Monero/Zcash): high privacy, limited regulatory integration, and complex mainstream adoption.
  • Mixing/obfuscation on public chains: fragile privacy and high legal risk.
  • Traditional Stablecoins account‑based: excellent scalability but limited privacy.
  • CBDC retail: can offer selective privacy, but with public governance and policy restrictions.

Pros & Cons of the private lane with ZKP

  • Pro: proportional privacy, automatable compliance, reduction of mule risk, and auditability by regulators without clear data.
  • Cons: proving costs on mobile, complexity in updating circuits, and reliance on secure hardware.

Impact and Technical Challenges in 2025

The private stablecoin could bridge the gap between a cash-like experience and regulatory compliance. In this context, it can enable private P2P payments and DeFi services with on-chain applicable policies.

The main challenges include generating fast ZKPs on smartphones, reducing on-chain verification costs, and updating circuits without compromising privacy. Techniques such as proof aggregation, recursion, and off-chain verifications can help scale the system.

Ongoing Research and Development

The paper proposes the use of the Mina Protocol – technical docs as a technical basis for lightweight on‑chain verifications and cites optimizations such as SnarkPack and Caulk. A proof‑of‑concept is expected on the etonec repositories, available at github.com/etonec.

Technical and Regulatory Insights

  • MiCA – Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 on crypto-assets and stablecoin
  • EU AML Package (AMLA, sixth AML directive, AML regulation)
  • FATF/GAFI – Travel Rule and guidance on VASP
  • MiCA Crypto Alliance: “Europe, clarity on regulations is needed. The crypto market cannot wait 18 months”

Conclusion

The convergence between ZKP, verifiable credentials, and an account-based model makes the idea of a private fiat stablecoin capable of combining privacy and AML/CFT controls credible. The year 2025 marked the beginning of significant regulatory and technical references; while scalability and node usability remain a challenge, the technological direction now appears outlined and ready for pilot-scale experiments.

Disclaimer: The articles reposted on this site are sourced from public platforms and are provided for informational purposes only. They do not necessarily reflect the views of MEXC. All rights remain with the original authors. If you believe any content infringes on third-party rights, please contact service@support.mexc.com for removal. MEXC makes no guarantees regarding the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the content and is not responsible for any actions taken based on the information provided. The content does not constitute financial, legal, or other professional advice, nor should it be considered a recommendation or endorsement by MEXC.
Share Insights

You May Also Like

AI Labs: Mercor’s Bold Strategy Unlocks Priceless Industry Data

AI Labs: Mercor’s Bold Strategy Unlocks Priceless Industry Data

BitcoinWorld AI Labs: Mercor’s Bold Strategy Unlocks Priceless Industry Data In the dynamic landscape of technological advancement, innovation often emerges from unexpected intersections. While the spotlight at events like Bitcoin World Disrupt 2025 frequently shines on blockchain and decentralized finance, the recent revelations about Mercor’s groundbreaking approach to sourcing industry data for artificial intelligence development highlight how disruptive models are reshaping every sector. This fascinating development, discussed by Mercor CEO Brendan Foody at the prestigious Bitcoin World Disrupt event, showcases a novel method for AI labs to access the critical, real-world information that traditional companies are reluctant to share, fundamentally altering the competitive dynamics of the AI revolution. Unveiling Mercor’s Vision: A New Era for AI Labs The quest for high-quality, relevant data is the lifeblood of advanced artificial intelligence. Yet, obtaining this data, particularly from established industries, has historically been a significant bottleneck for AI labs. Traditional methods involve expensive contracts, lengthy negotiations, and often, outright refusal from companies wary of having their core operations automated or their proprietary information exposed. Mercor, however, has pioneered a different path. As Brendan Foody articulated at Bitcoin World Disrupt 2025, Mercor’s marketplace connects leading AI labs such as OpenAI, Anthropic, and Meta with former senior employees from some of the world’s most secretive sectors, including investment banking, consulting, and law. These experts, possessing invaluable insights gleaned from years within their respective fields, offer their corporate knowledge to train AI models. This innovative strategy allows AI developers to bypass the red tape and prohibitive costs associated with direct corporate data acquisition, accelerating the pace of AI innovation. The Genesis of Mercor: Bridging the Knowledge Gap At just 22 years old, co-founder Brendan Foody has steered Mercor to become a significant player in the AI data space. The startup’s model is straightforward yet powerful: it pays industry experts up to $200 an hour to complete structured forms and write detailed reports tailored for AI training. This expert-driven approach ensures that the data fed into AI models is not only accurate but also imbued with the nuanced understanding that only seasoned professionals can provide. The scale of Mercor’s operation is impressive. The company boasts tens of thousands of contractors and reportedly distributes over $1.5 million to them daily. Despite these substantial payouts, Mercor remains profitable, a testament to the immense value AI labs place on this specialized data. In less than three years, Mercor has achieved an annualized recurring revenue of approximately $500 million and recently secured funding at a staggering $10 billion valuation. The company’s rapid ascent was further bolstered by the addition of Sundeep Jain, Uber’s former chief product officer, as its president, signaling its ambition to scale even further. Navigating the Ethical Maze: Corporate Knowledge vs. Corporate Espionage Mercor’s model, while innovative, naturally raises questions about the distinction between an individual’s expertise and a company’s proprietary information. Foody acknowledged this delicate balance, emphasizing that Mercor strives to prevent corporate espionage. He argues that the knowledge residing in an employee’s head belongs to the employee, a perspective that diverges from many traditional corporate stances on intellectual property. However, the lines can blur. While contractors are instructed not to upload confidential documents from their former workplaces, Foody conceded that ‘things that happen’ are possible given the sheer volume of activity on the platform. The company’s job postings sometimes toe this line, for instance, seeking a CTO or co-founder who ‘can authorize access to a substantial, production codebase’ for AI evaluations or model training. This highlights the inherent tension in Mercor’s model: leveraging invaluable corporate knowledge without crossing into the realm of illicit data transfer. The High Stakes of Industry Data: Why Companies Resist Sharing The reluctance of established enterprises to share their internal industry data with AI developers is understandable. As Foody pointed out using Goldman Sachs as an example, these companies recognize that AI models capable of automating their value chains could fundamentally shift competitive dynamics, potentially disintermediating them from their customers. This fear of disruption drives their resistance to providing the very data that could fuel their own automation. Mercor’s success is a direct challenge to these incumbents, as their valuable corporate knowledge effectively ‘slips out the back door’ through former employees. Foody believes that companies fall into two categories: those that embrace this ‘new future of work’ and those that are fearful of being sidelined. His prediction is clear: the former category will ultimately be on ‘the right side of history,’ adapting to a rapidly changing technological landscape rather than resisting the inevitable. Revolutionizing AI Training: Mercor’s Expert-Driven Model The evolution of AI training data acquisition has seen a significant shift. Early in the AI boom, data vendors like Scale AI primarily hired contractors in developing countries for relatively simple labeling tasks. Mercor, however, was among the first to recruit highly-skilled knowledge workers in the U.S. and compensate them handsomely for their expertise. This focus on expert-driven AI training has proven critical for improving the sophistication and accuracy of AI models. Competitors like Surge AI and Scale AI have since recognized this need and are now also focusing on recruiting experts. Furthermore, many data vendors are developing ‘training environments’ to enhance AI agents’ ability to perform real-world tasks. Mercor has also benefited from the challenges faced by its competitors; for instance, many AI labs reportedly ceased working with Scale AI after Meta made a significant investment in the company and hired its CEO. Despite still being smaller than Surge and Scale AI (both valued at over $20 billion), Mercor has quintupled its value in the last year, demonstrating its powerful trajectory. Feature Mercor Scale AI / Surge AI (Early Model) Target Workforce Highly-skilled former industry experts General contractors, often in developing countries Data Type Complex industry knowledge, reports, forms, codebase access Simple labeling, data annotation Value Proposition Unlocks proprietary industry insights for AI automation Scalable, cost-effective basic data processing Compensation Up to $200/hour Lower hourly rates Beyond the Horizon: Mercor’s Future and the Gig Economy of Expertise While most of Mercor’s current revenue stems from a select few AI labs, Foody envisions a broader future. The startup plans to expand its partnerships into other sectors, anticipating that companies in law, finance, and medicine will seek assistance in leveraging their internal data to train AI agents. This specialization in extracting and structuring expert knowledge positions Mercor to play a crucial role in the widespread adoption of AI across various industries. Foody’s long-term vision is ambitious: he believes that advanced AI, like ChatGPT, will eventually surpass the capabilities of even the best human consulting firms, investment banks, and law firms. This transformation, he suggests, will radically reshape the economy, creating a ‘broadly positive force that helps to create abundance for everyone.’ Mercor, in this context, is not just a data provider but a facilitator of a new type of gig economy, one built on specialized expertise and akin to the transformative impact Uber had on transportation. The Bitcoin World Disrupt 2025 Insight The discussion surrounding Mercor at Bitcoin World Disrupt 2025 underscores the event’s role as a nexus for cutting-edge technological discourse. Held in San Francisco from October 27-29, 2025, the conference brought together a formidable lineup of founders, investors, and tech leaders from companies like Google Cloud, Netflix, Microsoft, a16z, and ElevenLabs. With over 250 heavy hitters leading more than 200 sessions, Bitcoin World Disrupt served as a vital platform for sharing insights that fuel startup growth and sharpen industry edge. The presence of Mercor’s CEO on a panel highlighted that the future of technology, including the critical area of AI training data, is a central theme even at events with a strong cryptocurrency focus, demonstrating the interconnectedness of modern innovation. FAQs About Mercor and AI Data Acquisition What is Mercor?Mercor is a startup that operates a marketplace connecting AI labs with former senior employees from various industries. These experts provide their specialized corporate knowledge to help train AI models, offering a novel way to acquire valuable industry data that traditional companies are unwilling to share. How does Mercor acquire data for AI labs?Mercor recruits highly-skilled former employees from sectors like finance, consulting, and law. These individuals are paid to fill out forms and write reports based on their industry experience, which is then used for AI training. Is Mercor’s approach legal and ethical?While Mercor CEO Brendan Foody argues that knowledge in an employee’s head belongs to the employee, the process walks a fine line. The company instructs contractors not to upload proprietary documents. However, the potential for inadvertently sharing sensitive corporate knowledge remains a subject of ongoing debate. Which AI labs use Mercor?Prominent AI labs that are customers of Mercor include OpenAI, Anthropic, and Meta. How does Mercor compare to its competitors like Scale AI or Surge AI?Unlike early data vendors that focused on simple labeling tasks with a general workforce, Mercor specializes in recruiting highly-skilled industry experts to provide complex corporate knowledge for AI training. While competitors like Scale AI and Surge AI are now also engaging experts, Mercor has carved out a unique niche with its expert-driven model. Conclusion: Mercor’s Impact on the Future of AI Mercor’s innovative model represents a significant shift in how AI labs acquire the specialized industry data essential for their development. By tapping into the vast reservoir of corporate knowledge held by former employees, Mercor not only bypasses traditional data acquisition hurdles but also challenges established notions of intellectual property and the future of work. The startup’s rapid growth and substantial valuation underscore the immense demand for this expert-driven data. As AI continues to advance, Mercor’s approach could indeed pave the way for a new gig economy of expertise, profoundly impacting how industries operate and how AI training evolves. The ethical considerations surrounding data ownership will undoubtedly continue to be debated, but Mercor’s disruptive strategy has undeniably opened a powerful new channel for AI innovation. To learn more about the latest AI market trends, explore our article on key developments shaping AI models features. This post AI Labs: Mercor’s Bold Strategy Unlocks Priceless Industry Data first appeared on BitcoinWorld.
Share
Coinstats2025/10/30 00:40