Russia Limits Crypto Buyers to $4,000 Annually – Will Others Follow?

Russia’s State Duma plans to finalize legislation by July 1, 2026, establishing a two-tier crypto access system that caps non-qualified investors at 300,000 rubles ($4,000) annually while granting unlimited purchasing power to qualified investors, according to Anatoly Aksakov, head of the State Duma Committee on Financial Markets, in an interview with Parlamentskaya Gazeta.

The framework, based on the Bank of Russia’s December concept submitted to the government, treats digital currencies and stablecoins as tradable currency assets while maintaining their prohibition for domestic payments.

Non-qualified investors face strict limitations beyond the annual caps; they must pass mandatory testing and restrict purchases to approved liquid cryptocurrencies through licensed intermediaries, with penalties for illegal intermediary activities taking effect July 1, 2027, mirroring sanctions for illegal banking operations.

Qualified investors encounter no volume restrictions but must undergo testing to demonstrate risk understanding, and cannot acquire anonymous tokens that conceal transaction recipients.

Approved Lists and Privacy Coin Exclusions

The Central Bank will likely compile approved cryptocurrency lists featuring the top 5-10 most traded assets on major exchanges, according to Alexandra Fedotova, a lawyer at White Stone.

“These will definitely include BTC and ETH. They might also add SOL or TON, given their popularity in our country,” Fedotova explained in the Parlamentskaya Gazeta interview.

Privacy-focused cryptocurrencies face explicit exclusion from the regulated market regardless of investor qualification.

“The Central Bank explicitly states: you cannot buy coins that conceal their intended recipients,” Fedotova said.

“For example, Monero (XMR), Zcash (ZEC), and Dash. After all, if you can’t construct a transaction graph and see where the money came from, such an asset won’t pass AML (anti-money laundering) checks.“

Despite domestic restrictions, Russian residents will be permitted to purchase cryptocurrencies on foreign platforms using overseas accounts and transfer previously acquired assets abroad through Russian intermediaries.

However, such transactions require tax service notification, a provision that extends crypto participation beyond Russia’s borders while maintaining regulatory oversight.

Infrastructure Readiness Meets Persistent Payment Restrictions

Crypto transactions will operate through existing licensed infrastructure, as exchanges, brokers, and trustees leverage existing licenses, while specialized depositories and exchangers face new regulatory requirements.

Moscow Exchange and St. Petersburg Exchange confirmed readiness to launch crypto trading once the legislative framework is activated by mid-2026, with St. Petersburg Exchange emphasizing it already possesses “the necessary technological infrastructure for trading and settlements,” according to reports from late December.

Exchangers will require licensing under the new framework, transforming previously unregulated operations into illegal activities without proper authorization.

The regulatory approach aims to protect investors through institutional oversight while acknowledging continued risks.

“But even if this restriction is introduced, nothing prevents users from purchasing these cryptocurrencies on a foreign exchange, as everyone does now,” Fedotova noted.

“But in that case, they will bear all the risks. By working within the established rules, they will be protected.“

The Central Bank continues to classify cryptocurrencies as high-risk instruments (unissued and unguaranteed by any jurisdiction, while subject to increased volatility and sanctions risks), maintaining that investors assume potential loss risks when entering crypto markets.

Implementation Timeline Follows Growing Economic Integration

The State Duma has already begun developing the legislative framework defining rules for the creation, mining, and circulation of cryptocurrencies, alongside domestic payment prohibitions.

Aksakov stated that the bill’s first reading could occur within the next month, with administrative, financial, and potentially criminal liability for illegal market activity to be addressed through separate legislation.

The 300,000-ruble annual limit for non-qualified investors remains subject to adjustment during parliamentary discussions.

“Nequals will only be able to operate on a limited scale, with the figure of 300,000 rubles currently being discussed. But perhaps the amount will change during the discussions,” Aksakov suggested.

The regulatory push follows Russia’s emergence as Europe’s largest crypto market by transaction volume, recording $376.3 billion between July 2024 and June 2025 according to Chainalysis data, surpassing the United Kingdom’s $273.2 billion.

Russia’s crypto adoption spans beyond trading speculation into mining operations, accounting for over 16% of global hashrate and generating approximately 1 billion rubles daily.

Recently, Senior Kremlin official Maxim Oreshkin argued that crypto mining should be classified as an export activity despite the absence of physical cross-border movement.

The Constitutional Court’s January 20, 2026, ruling resolved legal complications, as courts had previously denied protection for undeclared digital currency rights, a position Fedotova deemed unfounded.